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Electrolyte anions are pivotal for lithium battery performance, yet their fundamental electronic structural properties are not well understood. In this work, we employ a combination of negative-ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES), ab initio calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the electronic structures of three representative electrolyte anions. This multiscale approach enables us to elucidate how their intrinsic electronic properties govern anion–solvent interactions in gas-phase clusters, as well as lithium-ion (Li⁺) solvation structures and ion transport behavior in the condensed phase. NIPES reveals that difluoro(oxalato)borate (DFOB^–), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI^–), and bis(oxalato)borate (BOB^–) all exhibit high electron binding energies, with vertical/adiabatic detachmentmore » energies increasing from DFOB^– (6.09/5.70 eV) to FSI^– (6.80/6.10 eV) to BOB^– (6.82/6.40 eV), correlating with enhanced oxidation stability. Ab initio calculations reveal that DFOB^–/FSI^––solvent complexes bind Li⁺ ∼ 10 kcal/mol stronger than BOB^– series, aligning with the strength of a Li⁺–anion model. DFOB^– exhibits pronounced charge localization on both oxygen and fluorine atoms, enabling their involvement in Li⁺ coordination. In contrast, fluorine atoms in FSI^– are largely electron-depleted and remain excluded from direct Li⁺ binding. MD simulations further demonstrate that LiDFOB and LiFSI systems exhibit Li⁺ diffusion coefficients three and five times higher than those of LiBOB across four common solvents. Notably, LiFSI salt in acetonitrile (AN) exhibits the fastest Li⁺ diffusion among 12 electrolyte systems, highlighting the synergistic effect of FSI^– and AN in promoting ion mobility. In conclusion, these findings provide a molecular-level understanding of the critical roles of anion and its microsolvation in optimizing Li⁺ diffusion dynamics, once again emphasizing the positioning of FSI^– and DFOB^– as prime candidates for next-generation electrolytes.« less

Effective spin mixing conductance (ESMC) across the nonmagnetic metal (NM)/ferromagnet interface, spin Hall conductivity (SHC), and spin diffusion length (SDL) in the NM layer govern the functionality and performance of pure spin current devices. It is shown that all three parameters can be tuned significantly via the spin orbit coupling (SOC) strength of the NM layer by virtue of the unique Pd_1-xPt_x/Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ system. Surprisingly, the ESMC is observed to increase significantly with x changing from 0 to 1.0, due to the enhanced local density of states for Pt-rich alloys. The SHC in PdPt alloys turns out to be dominated bymore » the skew scattering term. In particular, the skew scattering parameter has for the first time been rigorously demonstrated to increase with increasing SOC strength. Meanwhile, the SDL is found to decrease when Pd atoms are replaced by heavier Pt atoms, validating the SOC induced spin flip scattering model in polyvalent PdPt alloys. Furthermore, a thorough grasp of the dependence of these parameters on the SOC strength in the present work can help to develop a better theoretical graph on the physics of SOC and spin orbit torque switching, relevant to next generation spintronic devices.« less